How to write a nursing Hematopoietic and Cardiovascular Case Study (Essay)

Hematopoietic: Iron deficiency anemia occurs due to the insufficiency of iron to produce hemoglobin, a component in red blood cells that enables red blood cells to carry oxygen in the body (MayoClinic, 2022). The causes of iron deficiency anemia are lack of iron in the diet, blood loss, pregnancy, and the body’s inability to absorb iron. It is characterized by weakness, extreme fatigue, headache, dizziness, pale skin, etc.

The leading contributing factor that puts J.D at risk of developing iron-deficiency anemia is excessive blood loss (menorrhagia and intermenstrual bleeding). Due to a lack of iron, she might experience dehydration or constipation.

Erythropoiesis is the process of producing new erythrocytes. Erythroblast needs vitamin B 12 and folic acid to proliferate during differentiation. The deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B 12 hinders thymidylate and purine synthesis, impairing DNA synthesis, which results in erythroblast apoptosis, causing anemia (Koury & Ponka, 2022).

J.D presents with extreme fatigue and weakness, suggestive symptoms of iron deficiency anemia. Extreme fatigue and weakness occur due to insufficient oxygen in the body experienced by individuals with inadequate iron required to produce hemoglobulin (MayoClinic, 2022). Additionally, a patient diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia will present with pale skin, constipation, dehydration, and soreness of the tongue or mouth due to insufficient iron.

The appropriate treatment for J.D is to take Iron supplements and oral contraceptives to reduce heavy menstrual flow (MayoClinic, 2022). She should take iron tablets on an empty stomach, but she may take them with meals in case of an upset. Also, she should not take iron with antacids. It’s recommended to take Iron four hours after or two hours before antiacids. Furthermore, she should take iron tablets with vitamin C to improve absorption.

Cardiovascular

Myocardial infarction results from an inadequate supply of oxygenated blood in the myocardium. It has both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors include; diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, dyslipidemia, and psychological stress, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, gender, genetics, and male pattern baldness (Huma & Tariq, 2022).

In this case, ECG finding that I would expect are the ST elevation at V3 and V4 at the J point and reciprocal ST-segment depression in the inferior leads (II, III, and aVF). The gradual discomfort that intensifies towards the sternal area and pain that spreads upward into the neck and lower jaw are compatible with the acute coronary event.

To confirm that Mr. W.G has an acute myocardial infarct, I will use the Cardiac Troponin test. I recommend it because the test is very sensitive and specific, leading to accurate results (RCPA, 2022). Also, the patient might experience a rise in temperature due to wide myocardial damage and elevated levels of C- reactive protein and myocardial enzymes. The fever always resolves in the fourth to the fifth day. Finally, Mr. W.G experienced pain due to myocardial ischemia, which occurs when blood flow to the heart is reduced or restricted (MayoClinic, 2022). Myocardial ischemia makes the heart use a lot of force to pump blood, resulting in myocardial infarction, manifested as a painful chest sensation.

References

MayoClinic. (2022). Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034.

Koury, M., & Ponka, P. (2022). NEW INSIGHTS INTO ERYTHROPOIESIS: The Roles of Folate, Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, and iron. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15189115/#:~:text=Erythroblasts%20require%20folate%20and%20vitamin,in%20anemia%20from%20ineffective%20erythropoiesis.

Huma, S., & Tariq, R. (2022). Jpsr.pharmainfo.in. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.jpsr.pharmainfo.in/Documents/Volumes/vol4Issue01/jpsr%2004120102.pdf.

RCPA. (2022). RCPA – Myocardial infarction. Rcpa.edu.au. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.rcpa.edu.au/Manuals/RCPA-Manual/Clinical-Problems/M/Myocardial-infarction#:~:text=Cardiac%20Troponin%20I%20or%20Troponin,for%20the%20diagnosis%20of%20MI.

MayoClinic. (2022). Myocardial ischemia – Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375417.

How to write a nursing Hematopoietic and Cardiovascular Case Study (Essay)

Related Posts: