Health Care Research & Statistics Assignment 9B Exercise on Power and Sample Size See the article link below and answer the following questions from the data in that link .pdf” href=”https://llu.instructure.com/courses/1029213/files/46203369/preview”>Article on Power and Sample Size 1. Researchers using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire as its tool for collecting disability want to compare two treatment groups. They believe that a 2.5 group difference would be important to them. The literature implies that the common standard deviation for the groups for this questionnaire is 3.7 points. a. What sample size do they need to detect this difference at 80% power, with a level of significance of .05 using a two-tailed independent t-test? b. How would you adjust these sample sizes if you expect a 15% dropout rate? 2. We wish to compare the walking speed (in Meters per second) of two groups of elderly subjects (sedentary subjects and exercises). We feel that a difference of 0.2 meters per second would be an important difference to pick up. Pilot study data on a group of sedentary individuals showed a standard deviation of .24 M/sec. a. What sample size would be needed for this difference to be significant at the 5% level of significance with 80% power? 3. In comparing the effectiveness of sleep-inducing drugs with samples of size 5 each of the groups, the researchers found a mean of 5.3 hours with the standard drug and a mean of 6.1 with the experimental drug. The common standard deviation was .70 hours. The difference was clinically important, but was not found to be statistically significant. a. What is the power of picking up this difference (at the .05 level of significance)? 4. To understand the placebo effect in patients with Parkinson’s disease, scientists want to measure activity at a key point in the brain when patients receive a placebo that they think is an active drug and also when no treatment is given. a. If the smallest difference of important is .316 and the standard deviation of the differences is expected to be .281, what sample size would be needed to pick up this difference with 80% power at the 5% level of significance? b.How would the sample size change if you wanted 90% power? 5. We want to do a study which will look at the effects of a low-cholesterol diet over a three month period. A change of 20.0 mg/dL in total cholesterol would be considered clinically important. From a pilot study we found that the standard deviation of the change variable is 35.0 mg/dL. We would also like to see if we can detect as significant a 3.0 mg/dL change in HDL cholesterol which from the same pilot study has an estimated standard deviation of 8.5 mg/DL. (Use a 5% level of significance and power of 80%) a. What sample size would we need to detect the change in total cholesterol? b. What sample size would we need to detect the change in HDL cholesterol? c. If we expected a dropout rate of 12%, what sample size should we choose to find the effect sizes we want to be significant for both variables at the 5% level of significance?
